ethnomathematics lesson plans

We would like to send our students’ out in to the world being aware of cultural diversity and having knowledge of this in the mathematics classroom will ensure their way of thinking mathematically is challenged. Reflect on your own experiences of mathematics education as a human endeavor, "present across human civilizations and cultural practices such as, playing, locating, measuring, counting, explaining, and designing and building" (Bishop, 1988). This paper. This stimulating study focuses on mathematics as a language with its own rules and conventions and explores the implications of this for classroom practice. . Constructing lesson plans for middle school teachers focusing on social justice will lay the groundwork for the future textbook. ?��"��I� (� �=�M���)��u�C�IPRPT!�n���f��ywӷ�.3��Э�j�L��.2�.-�����席��Cq��̭��.��"��@�&�#x^�v��du���C`2����"��M��h��X"_�5�Tيt�k_��~�"~,�M�I�h;���$ʣ����srV$!3Jc=z�KX;��k0���N��7N�B�,���QI�9Z~z�1���R���^ȸ�)Z��kA�(����M����֛���K.�y� \��B{� ��;U{?ň�C NX���Ͳ�y�2(�M /��v�X�U�t66mǾi��b�]��S�g���v\p���a�m>4�4��� �~a>�t�a\D|����/�Oc�8�֠4��i��lאz8#�;�GNK�ŏ���P_�*g)�k�@�!�HШ�;�^b�N��P�{�,�����V)m��D�n�����Se�r���vJ)[�¼����zEHF-#�"U����\5cc5#�!�P�xz�P�ՄCgY1-X>V~ 0 D� e plan for a discussion group in ICME 11, in 2008, in Mexico, and we are already thinking about the 4 th ICEm, in 2010. Indigenous artifacts from remote areas, used to design a lesson plan for preservice math teachers regarding sustainable education March 2021 Heliyon 7(3):e06417 About the video: Two high school math teachers from Fefan Island, Chuuk, Michael Kanas and Alexcia Sillem demonstrate concepts of ethnomathematics to draw relationships between math and culture. Ten lessons focused on learning about native plants, with hands on applications for propagating, potting, and caring for plants, and planting a Native Hawaiian Garden. This open access book is intended to assist teachers, teacher trainers, curriculum designers, editors and authors of textbooks in developing strategies to teach the multiplication of natural numbers based on the experience of the Lesson Study in Japan. Found inside – Page 361URL http://www.ethnomath.org/resources Creator Math Forum Title ... imagine a teacher who is organizing lesson plans in attribute / value pair individually ... Students will have the opportunity to practice the concept of geometric reflections while exploring these powerful and beautiful symbols. These treatments were carried out based on lesson plans (RPP, Rencana Perencanaan Pembelajaran) that were designed for 4 meetings (10×35 minutes) using traditional games properties and students worksheets. Involving preservice teachers in ethnomathematics studies improves their capabilities for preparing lesson plans relevant to the student environment for sustainable education. Lesson Plans: Science and Math. Ethnomathematics is an avenue for teachers to relate mathematical knowledge with their students. In this lesson plan, students will learn about geometric reflections in Adrinka symbols. h�TP=o� ��[u��*u���뒡j��89��C���B.J����g?��ۗ6�����0���#��BႣ 8o�h'��q���6���ϒ�3�p��R>�{���|�����-)���!� ������դ73!���ׄ�6,���ᜌE2aDh�']�ӓҀ���3uS]{5Ďj�,4�E����ݫj���a�.D��v��V5��J1����_ ��m� Data collection instruments included lesson plans, reflections and open-ended questions. This means that every two years we have the opportunity to assemble the International Study Group on Ethnomathematics. Found inside – Page 112The following resources include examples and lesson plans which integrate human ... mathematicsforsocialjustice/tabid/317/Default.aspx> Ethnomathematics, ... Ethnomathematics 101. Once again, Siemon et al (2012) discusses using ethnomathematics when teaching geometry in the classroom and suggests, “studying and appreciating the mathematics of non-Western peoples, such as Pacific Islanders and peoples from African cultures (ethnomathematics), has led to the valuing of transformational geometry.” Linking cultural perspectives of mathematics to teach geometry is just one way of implementing ethnomathematics in the classroom. I agree, reflecting on my schooling a lot of what we learnt was from a text book and there were missed opportunities for teaching other than just western values. Area of a triangle = 1/2 bh *Note: A right . Create your own unique website with customizable templates. Access diverse lessons and materials related to ethnomathematics. Once again, Siemon et al (2012) discusses using ethnomathematics when teaching geometry in the classroom and suggests, "studying and appreciating the mathematics of . • Some familiarity with Internet searches (e.g., using web browsers) and A Vermeulen Ethnomathematics: Geometry - Translations. ����k"�����Q�E �x\uf-/�BU`8l�ی\�q��U��W�6+CO���paX u�U�j,��:���7*� Pedagogical content knowledge of mathematics student-teachers in developing ethnomathematics-based lesson plans. Such customized lessons can be done by appealing to one or all of these characteristics, and in countless ways. M Fitrianawati, M Sintawati, M Marsigit, E Retnowati. 1. Area of a square = s 2 where s= the measure of the sides. �&�.싲�}�G�S�A�N�G�&�(�K.��y#j^�س�7 �$%��K��Y %PDF-1.6 %���� Thanks all! We live in such a multicultural world now and I certainly think that adapting lesson plans to suit the diversity of students' we teach is essential in any curriculum area. the National Science Foundation. h�b```a``�� Found inside – Page 14enables teachers to execute pre - established pedagogical plans . ... to academic mathematics much of the published ethnomathematics activities represent a ... Have student list all the things they have learned in today's lesson. A students’ background, home life and culture can highly influence their learning experiences in the classroom. Ethnomathematics Journal 1 (1), 1-12, 2020. A short summary of this paper. It is also important for educators to understand the importance of making connections between mathematics and culture in the classroom. The Oregon Department of Education (ODE) recently encouraged teachers to register for training that encourages "ethnomathematics" and argues, among other things, that White supremacy manifests itself in the focus on finding the right answer. Rush Limbaugh died Wednesday at the age of 70 after battling lung cancer, and tributes to his enormous influence on the broadcast and political landscape have . How do I plan lessons for today’s diverse classrooms? This book helps pre-service teachers answer this question and learn to create and use such lessons in their classrooms. hunter. For examples of intellectual property produced by the University of Hawaiʻi (UH) Ethnomathematics Program, please see our curriculum database of lesson plans created and implemented by alumni. This research is a development study. "It was a lesson in . Found insideThe debates outlined in this book share a few of the key ideas that provide for a clearer understanding of the field of ethnomathematics and its current state of the art by discussing its pedagogical actions, its contributions for teacher ... lesson plan, and student worksheet. Found inside – Page 8... by elaborating lesson plans that combine an ethnomathematical-historical ... teachers to develop classroom activities and projects that help students to ... Overcoming Difficulties in Understanding the Linear Equation System Through the Ethnomathematics Approach in the COVID-19 Pandemic Dewi Herawaty1, Wahyu Widada1,*, Abdurrobbil Falaq Dwi Anggoro1 and Shadaqnas Dewarif Tri Anggoro2 1Mathematics Education Departement, Bengkulu University, Indonesia 2SMA N 5 Bengkulu City, Indonesia *Corresponding author. . Involving preservice teachers in ethnomathematics studies improves their capabilities for preparing lesson plans relevant to the student environment for sustainable education. The. Ethnomathematics is the mathematical thinking, understanding, and techniques that are embedded in cultural thinking (D'Ambrosio 2001) where "ethno" refers to a group of identifiable people and not necessarily an Indigenous or linguistically identified group. Indigenous artifacts from remote areas, used to design a lesson plan for preservice math teachers regarding sustainable education March 2021 Heliyon 7(3):e06417 In this truly one-of-a-kind book, Ascher introduces the mathematical ideas of people in traditional, or "small-scale", cultures often omitted from discussion of mathematics. A collection of more than thirty articles shows teachers how to weave social justice principles throughout the math curriculum, and how to integrate social justice math into other curricular areas as well. Download Full PDF Package. S250203, Hi Aurelie, Google site, lesson plans on ethnomathematics. Thank you so much for your valuable feedback and comments. Share a lesson plan, unit, or project you wrote. If educators are able to make connections between these and their learning, then the student will benefit greatly from this learning experience. The define phase includes the analysis of syllabus, syllabus, lesson plan, and student worksheet; n�|�̭行�/��:�\���`P�ſ����Q��U�����BʝL�u6����a���wz�����rvҟ�����[pof��_O.�٣��W��Y����8�0��;��*�FA���fX�j܂��c�A�)*���2���q��Q�G�������4M`�at=ʀ�q�c9ɦ��*����1����~.SP2$t��!�q�l72�rȈ�4d9h!���6��¬ɍ�C�E�l`Dla�wsj-���� �J$\�l4;ג���v�! Its goal is to teach value for one's own culture, respect for another's culture, and curiosity to learn more about different cultures while teaching mathematics in a cultural context. It is a rare opportunity for multiple instructors to plan a lesson together, see the result together, and learn . Ethnomathematics 4 LESSON Lesson Plan One • Identify valid information on the Internet or other resources. 1: 2020: Analysis toward relationship between mathematical literacy and creative thinking abilities of students. Symmetrical Freedom Quilts: the Ethnomathematics of Ways of Communication, Liberation, and Art. However, as you mentioned above, standard mathematics still need to be followed. Found insideLet's be honest: note-taking is boring and it isn't always the most effective way to retain information. This book is a guide for teachers about getting your students drawing and sketching to learn visually. The lesson plans will show students of color the power that mathematics has and its value in the world around them with hope to increase the interest of students of color in mathematics. H�lSM�� ��Wp�jMm��[��z���=��n��Q�}p��"�y3�&��K���Z��we��\����WN22&�������]�>�����n��E����Tt��2AR V� Overview: In this self-guided lesson, learners will review a variety of geometric shapes and ways of calculating . Found inside – Page 8... and research in ethnomathematics with the landless people's movement in Brazil . ... Part 3 contains 11 documents supporting the training activities ... Joshua Abah Abah's Ethnomathematics Research Articles are freely available on Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Hal Archives, Zenodo, Humanity Commons, Zotero, Academia.Edu, Open Science Framework, ORCID, SSRN, and UAM OER. A library of on-line sources on ethnomathematics -- mathematics related to differing cultures. Drawing on a large body of empirical evidence, former Harvard President Derek Bok examines how much progress college students actually make toward widely accepted goals of undergraduate education. 23-50). The ethnomathematics educator Ron Eglash suggests that Boa Me Na Me Mmoa Wo exhibits mutuality: "The upper triangle is missing a square, but has an extra circle. I agree with both of you about the sadness of the missed opportunities of only teaching Western values, and not just for mathematics but across the entire curriculum - but that's a tangent for another day! Its Implication to Mathematics Education It is presumed that Ethnomathematics refers to the study of mathematics in relation to culture (Hammond, 2000). 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. Abbie, firstly your blog and reflections are really on point and thank you for commenting on my blog post! Ll���U��X>������8�joQy����6�/� o�ϯ Speaking Mathematically: Communication in Mathematics Classrooms - Chapter 4 (from this book) (1987), by David Pimm This is a blog post I did as part of my PhD studies that I am sharing here on Educating Now, it is more academic than my typical blog posts - Nikki Chapter Summary: In this chapter Pimm . The how-to guidelines promote culminating projects . This research was implemented in three stages, namely: define, design, and develop. Lesson Plans About Contact Math Is Everwhere . Overview | Activities. Quite early in their schooling, most students learn to hate math or believe that they cannot "do" math, as it is defined by the . Study by a mathematical scholar on the ways in which African people count, keep time and records, play games, use geometry in art and architecture, etc. Based on research in Nigeria and East Africa. . In Ethnomathematics and its Diverse Approaches for Mathematics Education (pp. I just wonder whether we might be selling ourselves a bit short there? Found inside – Page 219Ethnomathematics is a program that presents mathematical concepts related to the ... influencing economic, social, religious, and educational activities. And there is also the opportunity to meet each other and to directed teaching/thinking lessons are. Regards The learning instruments consist of syllabus, lesson plan, and student worksheet. Engage. Formal geometry is perceived as the most complex field of instruction among the various mathematics subjects taught in high school. The resulting research and practicum-based product will be a textbook with supplementary calculus lesson plans. Students can also move back and forth between the elements as they learn by your prompting or through their natural discovery process. Found inside – Page iThis is an ideal resource for educators, academicians, teachers, policy makers, researchers, and graduate-level students seeking to further their research in mathematics education. Found insideThis open access book is the first major publication on the topic of “Interdisciplinary Mathematics Education” and arose from the work of the first International Topic Study Group of the same name at the ICME-13 conference in Hamburg in ... Found insideThe book presents a discussion on education of sciences, through a technological view shown in the works of a variety of authors from different countries. Ethnomathematics and. Found inside – Page 245... majors developed lesson plans for teaching mathematics from a multicultural perspective using ideas learned from the study of ethnomathematics . These are aligned with state and federal standards and benchmarks such as Mathematics Common Core State Standards, Next Generation Science Standards, and Nā Hopena A'o. In the classroom linking students to their own culture and how it relates to mathematics is a way in which educators are able to incorporate ethnomathematics into the curriculum. More on #Ethnomathematics at http://www.naturalmath.com/tag/ethnomathematics . Found insideThe editors of this volume bring together contributions from many of the leading teachers, teacher educators, researchers, scholars, and activists who have been working to reorient mathematics education in ways that reflect mathematics ... The Ethnomathematics Curriculum Project will bring together University of Hawai'i mathematics faculty, students and staff from various campuses to design and implement math lessons grounded in the ethnic, socioeconomic, historical and cultural diversities of Hawai'i. By utilizing aspects of culture a teacher can help students make connections between . Teaching topics include African, Native American, and Latino Cultures for: fractal geometry, transformational geometry, hexastrip weaving, transformational geometry, Cartesian and polar coordinates . James "Bo Snerdley" Golden, producer of the Rush Limbaugh Show, spoke about his longtime friend and co-worker during an emotional Thursday night segment of Fox News' "Hannity.". Content analysis, based on the conceptual-theoretical framework of this study, ensured validity of the findings . This research was conducted in grade 8 Of junior high school at Indonesia. . Ethnomathematics is a term introduced by Ubiratàn D'Ambrosio (1991) from Brazil to describe the techniques used to explain, understand, and cope with reality in order to survive across diverse communities. H��SMo�@��W��H]w�����j�!��fa�@��r��$��HH��"ob�g? h�bbd```b``z"�A$�ɶ,�"��"����I���`�W0�L��M`"A��7�l>$�׃�j v��-�$��dd`�a?X#����g> B�N Abbie, Hi Abbie and Lily, Weaving culture and mathematics in the classroom: The case of Bedouin ethnomathematics. endstream endobj 53 0 obj <>stream Cultural Diversity in the Mathematics Classroom. . This approach to mathematics education dates back . Download PDF. Mathematics Unit Plan for Social Justice by Taj R. Lyve A Creative Component submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER of Education Program of Study Committee: Ji Yeong I Anne Foegen Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2021 . PDF | This study aims to describe the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) of mathematics student-teachers of Yogyakarta State University (YSU). . February 28, 2020. Found insideThe authors found two exceptions: The Exploratorium One set of ethnomathematics activities available for teachers was generated and piloted by the ... If you're interested in the latter, try searching on "lesson plans" or a particular topic you're interested in -- or use the "search by subject.' Read Ethnomathematics: Mathematics de TODOS.. Contains a mix of scholarly articles and lesson plans. Ethnomathematics Graduate Certificate + Master's Degree. DUE BY WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 17th @ 11:59 PM: SUBMIT: Lesson Plan with slides or FlipGrid introduction COMPLETE: TASK TEN READ LESSON PLANNING: What is Ethnomathematics? They were required to describe aspects of their cultures and relate these to the school curriculum by providing lesson plans and examples that illustrated this connection. The supporting materials for the CSDTs include lesson plans and evaluation instruments to ensure they are integrated into the curriculum through state and national standards. I went to school in a small country town in south australia, which had very limited diversity amongst students. . April 23, 2020. Found insideThis book brings together a collection of internationally renowned authors in the STEM field to share innovations in the teaching of STEM. readings and lectures on language and ethnomathematics. endstream endobj startxref I agree that it is sad that for so long western mathematics has been enforced as the only way of doing mathematics. Teaching Multiplication with Lesson Study. Although we live in a society that is dominated by math-based technology, most people typically only think about 'school math' when they think about mathematics. Jan 27, 2016 - Ethnomathematics is the study of mathematics in the context of a culture. Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites, http://school.discoveryeducation.com/lessonplans/math.html, http://www.rensselaer.edu/~eglash/isgem.dir/links.dir/syllabi.htm, http://msteacher.org/return_list_math.aspx?id=474, http://www.tacomacc.edu/home/jkellerm/MATH107EM/default.htm, http://www.sf.airnet.ne.jp/~ts/language/number.html, http://www.thirteen.org/edonline/lessons/index_math.html, http://tides.sfasu.edu/Teachers/Tides/docs/LessonPlans/Elementary/socialPlans/BassWhereis.html, http://archives.math.utk.edu/k12.html#lessonplans. This research was implemented in three stages, namely: define, design, and develop. Found inside – Page 228... teachers was developed to be used over a week of five one-hour lessons. ... think and do mathematics through activities linked to cultural practices but ... Living Culturally Responsive Mathematics Education with/in Indigenous Communities provides a critical examination of the nature, possibilities and challenges of culturally responsive mathematics education and how it is lived with/in ... cultural inclusions in mathematics lessons. I feel really positive about the future of our classrooms after reading our discussions on learnline and on our blogs; there seem to be a lot of passionate teachers-to-be who are going to be involved in education changing, inspiring practices. Grades 9-10 Grades 11-12. Found insideUnable to be in school during the first lesson, Mrs Rose was very keen to see ... students most was not working with ethnomathematics, practical activities ... I mean from a student engagement perspective, the more excited we are about what we are teaching the more engaged the students will be? Read Paper. "Ethnomathematics is basically real-world problem solving that empowers students to be locally-minded, global citizens filled with a sense of purpose . endstream endobj 49 0 obj <> endobj 50 0 obj <> endobj 51 0 obj <>stream While the . Introducing students’ to the link between culture and mathematics in selected lessons will enable their understanding of linking mathematics to the outside world will develop over time. The story of this school extends the role of ethnomathematics in cities with highly colonised effects on thinking and status. Ethnomathematics: Tipis Ciarra S. Greene Grade Level: High School Duration of Curriculum: x4 50-minute classes Content Focus: Native American tipis appear to be simple structures, although analysis of the structures provide varying levels of culture and mathematics. Facilitate an interest group discussion about the benefits and challenges of using Ethnomathetics in math class. 85 0 obj <>stream . February 28, 2020. a seven step lesson cycle was put forth by. Explain what Ethnomathematics is and provide examples for teachers new to the topic. There are links to more than 700 lesson plans, articles, graphs, charts, data sets, maps, books, and Web sites to bring these issues into the classroom. Egyptian hieroglyphics number system). April 23, 2020. This research was conducted in grade 8 of junior high school at Indonesia. I have been reading a few things about ethnomathematics and was very surprised to find out what it was and how much it has influenced the philosophy of mathematics. At the end of this study both classes were given the same postest. I agree with you April that the last few weeks have shown how passionate we can all be about our future profession. Oregon Province Archives of the Society of Jesus Indian Language Collection: The Pacific Northwest Tribes (27) Apply Oregon Province Archives of the Society of Jesus Indian Language Collection: The Pacific Northwest Tribes filter Ethnomathematics (schitsu'umsh [Coeur d'Alene] Curriculum) (6) Apply Ethnomathematics (schitsu'umsh [Coeur d'Alene] Curriculum) filter This second edition of Project-Based Learning (PBL) presents an original approach to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) centric PBL. . Chuukese women recycle rice sacks into mats and bags. 6 Lesson Three NAHS - GEOMETRICAL FIGURES Focus Geometric figures and patterns in a Nahs Objectives: Students will • identify and name geometric figures and patterns in a Nahs, in Pohnpeian and English. ethnomathematics into their lesson plans. Thanks for your feedback. This book examines equity from the standpoint of mathematics education - an excellent forum for the topic, since the results are quantifiable and the disparity in performance is stark. Either way, including these five elements is your guarantee that ESL students will succeed in your science lesson. (ASK) Descriptors: Elementary Education , Elementary School Mathematics , Ethnomathematics , Geometric Concepts , Lesson Plans , Mathematics Activities , Mathematics . Found inside – Page 426The ethnomathematics of southern Africa : Application in the middle school ... [ DA9306320 ] Lesson plans based on five ethnomathematical topics were ... View Hara-#Gaes2005.pdf from ENGLISH LTP621S at Namibia University of Science and Technology.. ETHNOMATHEMATICS: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MATHEMATICS EMBEDDED IN THE CULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF THE DAMARA First Published in 1986. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. READ CONTENT: CHAPTER 17: Percents (pp. • Ability to use a variety of resources to gather information pertaining to aquaponics. From what I've been able to figure out, ethnomathematics is the study of mathematics of different cultural groups. April 23, 2020. Brandt, A . It is sad to think that for so long, the western view was the only "right" way to think and be. This open access book is intended to assist teachers, teacher trainers, curriculum designers, editors and authors of textbooks in developing strategies to teach the multiplication of natural numbers based on the experience of the Lesson Study in Japan. Unfortunately I believe that some teachers still adopt this type of thinking and teach the basic "textbook" way. Students’ are still required to learn basic numeracy skills including counting, adding and subtracting in order to understand mathematical content. Ethnomathematics. Creative Education, 12, 402-421. doi: 10.4236/ce.2021.122029 . Found inside – Page iThe book brings together the work of world leaders and new thinkers in mathematics educational research to improve the learning and teaching of mathematics. This page is being created for Dr. Larry Hatfield's History of Mathematics (EMAT 4/6650) class at the University of Georgia in Athens, Georgia. This methodology develops preservice teachers' education or teacher training and empowers indigenous knowledge. Our group set out to discover and present material on Cultural Diversity in Mathematics. In the classroom linking students to their own culture and how it relates to mathematics is a way in which educators are able to incorporate ethnomathematics into the curriculum. Found inside – Page iIn this book, Ubiratan D’Ambrosio presents his most recent thoughts on ethnomathematics—a sub-field of mathematics history and mathematics education for which he is widely recognized to be one of the founding fathers. . Covers methodologies in studying emotion in mathematical knowledge Reflects the diverse and innovative nature of the methodological approaches and theoretical frameworks proposed by current investigations of emotions and mathematical ... An understanding of these basics will empower students from all walks of life and serve as such a strong foundation for further learning and for life beyond the classroom. Ethnomathematics. Your point about ethnomathematics not being a part of maths lessons everyday is a valid one and I do agree there are some fundamental skills that are better suited to other methods of teaching. Fouze, A. and Amit, M. (2021) Teaching Geometry by Integrating Ethnomathematics of Bedouin Values. STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY I testify that the research project: 'Ethnomathematics: an investigation of the mathematics embedded in the cultural activities of the Damara people in the Khorixas area', was completed by the author for the University of Namibia. lesson plan, and student worksheet.Development, Le This research is a development study. There are lesson plans for nearly all mathematical concepts at all levels from elementary through . Such customized lessons can be done by appealing to one or all of these characteristics, and in countless ways. This is one of three geometry lessons . Invite sharing with others. In particular, the focus of this unit plan will be on seventh grade probability . Hi Abbie, Sarah & Lily (2017). This software will help students learn standards-based mathematics as they simulate the original artifacts, and develop their own creations. It is important for teachers to shape their lesson plans around students' cultural background so to promote the best learning environment. Chuuk, demonstrate concepts of ethnomathematics to draw relationships between math and culture. The lower triangle is missing a circle, but has an extra square. Native Hawaiian Plants (htm file) (Grade 9-12), developed by Matt Kanemoto, Kahuku High School. Thanks $�EZk���jz���ۄ^����`Q��_:���锁�+D�c$��ȡ]$q�f9r�C8�F ��M3��[��i?�g��"�:������>����WR�x�X�g��Q}��-}�%����>f�U�ʎ�X��3cs��MrL9D��B��R߭��z��oѶ{����͠��b�֩�Ho�:d٠":�. April, Hi All, 'Mathematics is a compilation of progressive discoveries and inventions from cultures around the world during . RME model. Area Art: Ethnomathematics For The Twenty-First Century. ii . I agree with you that cultural diversities need to be addressed in the classrooms.
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