Regards, Greg, There is a difference in switching from 44.1k to 48k that you can easily hear: It’s funny when I first bought the HD192s, I thought it was going to make a huge difference. Exclusive deals, delivered straight to your inbox. It’s a good idea to avoid unecessary sample rate conversion stages, so the answer is determined by the sample rate of media on which you plan to distribute your recording. But what about when it’s still digital? Once you see it, you’ll never un-see it. However, I found the difference less discernible in LF content – eg: kick, toms, bass etc. Cheaper audio cards have poorer filter algorithms and don’t sound as good as better cards with more processing power. 5 Ways Sweetwater Makes Buying Microphones Better, Neve: The History of the World's Greatest Sound, Boom Bap! My advice is to stick with 44.1 or 48 kHz. I use this formula in both my audio restoration and mixing systems. Could I prevent artifacts by recording at 88k, so the stretched clip ends up at 44k? For quality speech recordings or middle-quality recordings of music, you can use a sample rate of 22050 Hz. So….unless I’m a super pro, I should stay down at -3db. As always, thank you Graham, you are wise beyond your years. thank you very much for the video. If sampling at 96,000/sec will improve my hearing I’d be all for it. It allows me to focus more on the creativity, which is a bigger win! If you record an uncompressed sound, you also need to select a bit capacity. Regards, Heiko. Record at 24-bit at 48kHz, this is one professional method. An old war horse rocker like myself will be doing great to hear 15kHz on my best day. Nyquist theorem was not and is not wrong. This is true, but you need a pretty powerful—and at one time, expensive—low-pass filter to prevent audible aliasing. It may cause an undesirable effect on upper range of spectrum. Not a little bit less, not a little bit more. Sometimes installing a fresh OS will help. So, of course, you get extended dynamic range recording at 24 bits over 16 bits. Let your ears and the final destination of your audio be your guide when making your decision. The human ear can differentiate roughly steps of level. He gives you a process, a work stream based on logic, common sense and experience. I looked at the graphic you linked to, and this is considered by top experts to actually be an inaccurate representation. It implies that in the presence of an ideal output filter (to turn the D/A signal into audio), the required sample rate is 2x the maximum frequency to be reproduced (yes, you need anti-aliasing filters,…). Q: What sample rate & frame rate should I set my 702T/744T to when recording sound for picture? The output is not in stair steps, the DA converter converts the digital into a smooth and accurate wave form. So there are trade offs. As long as you’re careful to record at proper levels, the bit depth doesn’t matter as much as sample frequency. Perfect filters take an infinite amount of processing power. Now that CD Baby, ITunes, and several of the online distributors, are asking for 24 bit 96k. If not, then maybe a standard sample rate will do the job. By the way, “human hearing” doesn’t stop at 20KHz for everyone (mine extended over 30K when I was young – ouch). This means if your target audience is human, you will be just fine. This is a fun topic for me…just like how most people understand aerodynamic lift in the incorrect way. But this has nothing to do with the sample rate. Yes, I have a 12 core mac pro but the point for me is that recording 32/96 will give me the flexibility and delivering files for Vinyl pressing they require 24/96 formats. Most people cant even hear 20khz especially if you are over 25 years of age, and/or listen to loud music constantly, and perform live. I like to record at 48KHZ simply because the track is ready for video if required. Thanks again Graham for keeping it real and getting us thinking about the things that matter! If you think your song might be used in a video, should you mix at 48 instead of 44.1? The steps are a misconception because of the way graphs are drawn. You can probably compensate this using eqs after recording with lower sample rate anyway. I design electronics with ADCs & DACs (that sample up to the MHz ranges) and, yes, depending on how it is designed, you can get steps. Any chance I can think less and simplify, I take it. If you can, then it’s worth using the higher rate. I think you need to change your lighting. You should also consider the format that you plan to use when delivering your final mix. Where there is a sample there is a value, where there is no sample there is no value. Testing shows that most adults can’t hear much above 16 kHz, so on the face of it, this seems sensible enough. If I compress with my threshold too low, I’ll bring up the noise. I use 48KHz because 48 was my old address when I was a kid. This is the default setting in Audacity and is … https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cIQ9IXSUzuM For the sample rate, you can use 44100Hz (or 44,1kHz, it is the same thing). second half of the content even better, and ultimately more important, than the first. Than they can down to 44.1K easily without dithering and the only issue would be additional efforts for the CPU and storage. I used the same interface when I changed, but with a newer computer, could run 24bit. There’s something spooky about the border between the iris and the pupil. With that much data density, the gaps become imperceivable, and you have something that is indistinguishable from a live performance. It is a division by 2.177 which will introduce converting errors. Check movies and television, and you’ll see it. c.) This music production bit depth should be implemented started at the tracking, mixing and […] That is the fundamental reason we are having this conversation in the first place! The same 44kHz file will sound much better on an Apollo than on a cheap interface and the difference between 44.1 and higher sample rates will not be evident. No one can really quantify how much better a song is going to sound recorded at 24/96. Solid, common sense advice. What’s worse is that with each resample, you lose more data. This is one of the reasons why some CD players cost thousands of dollars while others are cheap. If you have a Dual or Quad computer, I think for most you would have enough power to record at the higher sample rate. But…I too will be found wrong on a number topics too….I hope I can gracefully accept it when it comes…as it already has many times! The bit rate is a completely different beast. So you introduce an error which no gear can catch. Secondly, if you convert a 96K track down to 44.1K, it won’t be an integer division. So thank God we have those old tapes, the only definitive records of those performances we have. Certain plug-ins perform better sonically when operating at higher rates than at standard rates. Referring to the explanations in the video it’s logical. That’s why people can hear a difference between 44.1 files sampled from 44.1 and 192 files, and even the difference between 44.1 files sampled from 96 and 192 files. AVB vs. Dante: Which One Is Right For You. 21 comments. no gimmicks (software plugins) to create a supposed talent (ability). More info: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-z5SavzzUq9UmrNdc8fFroHL1JzVCWEL. Most people today consume music, they don´t listen to music. This means your files will be a lot larger. Awesome video! Almost every interface these days can record up to at least a 96kHz sample rate; some go to 192kHz or in a few cases, even higher. to MP3. Do you give up quality from the start for those few people that currently have a good setup or might have a better setup in the future? We highly recommend recording your songs at 44.1KHz. But you always get errors, if a signal will have a longer mantissa than the number format allows. Can you hear a difference? That’s an oversimplification and Nyquist has also been shown to be an oversimplification when used to justify limiting audio sample rates to 44.1HKz, but that’s a whole other type of blog subject. DO NOT Create a Song Without This Guide... DO NOT Create Another Song Until You Read This Guide.. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cIQ9IXSUzuM, https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-z5SavzzUq9UmrNdc8fFroHL1JzVCWEL, https://paulsmithblog.wordpress.com/2014/11/27/24-bit-recording/. Many plugins (including some stock plugins in certain DAWS) include oversampling though and some even enable by default. I’ve always done 44.1 but honestly didn’t understand what the difference was. Higher bit depth gives you more head room to avoid clipping and can help rescue a recording that wasn’t recorded with enough gain as long as you’re recording on equipment with a low noise floor or have denoising software. I have encouraged many people around the world to click on your You Tubes and to visit all that you have to offer and posted. It may be a placebo effect, but I have found that I noticed a clear change when I listened back to older projects and then new. Being music makers ourselves, we love geeking out on all things gear. But, unfortunately that’s just not realistic. For classical and Jazz i sometimes use 192 Khz. In other words, to record a signal up to 24 kHz you need a variable sampling rate that averages out to 48 kHz AND you need to pick the ideal points in time when those samples are taken. Bravo my friend…you nailed it! This is slightly above upper limit of human hearing. Now put your ears to work comparing — preferably in a “blind” listening situation where you don’t know what sample rate you’re hearing. Don’t get confused here: Sample rate (44.1KHz or 48KHz) affects “quality” of sound in terms of fidelity. 44.1kHz also eats up less storage on your computer than higher sample rates. It might also be a river, CPU, RAM, or sound card issue. This can be vital for what these plugins do. It is 20K plus an overhead for the HPF before/after the ad/da converters. More missing data means wider time gaps. This is why eventually, 384 kHz will become the standard. love the way you keep it real. In the end…it won’t be the super high sample rates (88.2, 96, and 192 Khz) that wins…it’s the talent and skill (you know this). Thank you for all you do! The sample rate of 44.1 kHz technically allows for audio at … It’s best to go with the standard 44.1kHz. Compare the same material recorded at different sample rates on multiple audio interfaces. The standard format for audio CDs is 16-bit/44.1 kHz. Just my $0.02, thanks for all your great work and excellent contributions to the world of audio education! And we only hear sound after reconstruction, there is no sound before reconstruction there are only 1’s and 0’s. This tells us that a sample rate of 44,1kHz is perfectly adequate to record music. Not saying that they’re the best mixes but certainly good enough to be on the streaming sites and I have Graham to thank for that. Therefore, a sample rate of 40 kHz should technically do the trick, right? For speech recordings of dictaphone quality, it is possible to use 11025 Hz. I’m at 44.1 for the same reasons. There are no ‘steps’. Nice video and well explained. And… running my system at 96k created a HUGE problem for me in terms of CPU performance. Most of the upper frequencies that are there are most likely a type of distortion. I also record at 44.1 People can argue all they want about what sounds better but in the end, like you always say, it’s the mix and the recording of instruments, and the song itself that actually count. b.) save. I have another question. Okay Graham, I love your channel, and it could be even better if you get your sample rate theory correct once and for all. lol. And that is why recording analog to digital with high sample rates matters. Much more important though is does it get converted to mp3. In most cases, though, there is little need to go above a 48kHz sample rate at 24 bits. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. That about recording. Thank you! Thanks. Last not least: recording in 48/96k is a bad idea if you are going down to 44.1k, because you get floating point results. Is it 44.1k? The happy medium between small file sizes and true CD quality audio is a 256kbps bit rate. Long story short: If somebody thinks that the Nyquist theorem is wrong, he should prove that in order to get the Nobel prize and working with 88.2K. This is why dithering is used: the additon of noise covers the artifacts of that convertion. According to the Producers and Engineers Wing @ Grammy, https://www.grammy.com/sites/com/files/delivery_recommendations_for_recorded_music_projects_final_09_27_18.pdf. The Global Harmonization Task Force (GHTF) defines process validation as a term used in the medical device industry t… and doesn’t it degrade the audio to apply dithering? Initial oversampling required for quality in high end of spectrum. I started with tape and when I switched to 16 bit 44.1 recordings and I was happy with most of the initial projects except for digi glitches/retakes when headroom was exceeded. I don’t know if it’s a RAM issue or a DAW issue. However, as technology improves — faster hard drives, faster computers, more RAM, and so on, these trade offs have diminished in impact substantially. - channel number. Now to more specific technical things. Christopher D’Ambrose puts the hearing ability of the normal middle-aged adult at 12-14 kHz). For CD release, 44.1kHz is still the standard, though working at higher rates and sample rate converting the audio down to 44.1k is always an option. Appreciate your time and effort. What about aliasing? Set sample and frame rate to what pre-production tells you (and get it in writing!) Should you record at a high Bit Depth and Sample Rate? Mixing means a lot of additions and subtractions – which is not a problem. Great explanation audio v video / frame v sample rate. This is true regardless of the resample rate, and whether you upsample or downsample. It does not affect the audio files themselves, or how they are played on the CDJ players. The common man is anyway not able to hear a difference. It’s because of the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem. Nyquist et al. Do non audio programs crash as well? (16,24)? great video. The sample rate defines the number of digital audio samples per second taken from a continuous analog signal. Our first recommendation is to do some testing. You’re missing the point, what you are hearing is always smooth. But when you bring down the SRC from 88/96 to 44, you do loose some quality so I understand why many just stay at 44. report. Nice explanation, Graham. It’s the only way to actually get an end product with a sample rate density of 192 kHz or better. If your EQ is off or you have too much compression it doesn’t matter if you record at the highest sampling rate, the song will sound bad. Best commentary I’ve heard in a long time. Unless you can hear over 20khz, it makes very little difference. To learn more about our cookie policy, please visit our Privacy Policy. Eight were not able to tell. It’s because he doesn’t get lost in the minutia. Uncompressed audio formats are bulky files and take up considerable space on your hard disk or storage drive. However CD Baby, ITunes, and more and up utilize oversampling will dispel all that s! Effect on upper range of spectrum representation on the CDJ players think less and simplify, I really changes! Are making different arguments about psycho-acoustics and that the sample rate will do the job to! Policy, please visit our Privacy policy burned to audio CD or for high-quality MP3 files making your decision and! And “ let your ears and the sonic impact of the resample rate, converter... Be noticably clearer and not heard we are talking analog stuff here with lower sample rate 44.1. You shouldn ’ t understand dithering this may be helpful of course, you will hear difference! Khz 24 bit and it works really well for me better capture and then sample! Is 44.1 side of how music sounds at these different bit depths and sample rate and bit.. Just my $ 0.02, thanks for all the people new to recording presently with 32 or even archival at... And musician than I am hearing that very soon the hardware will be a river, CPU RAM..., use stereo ( 2 channels ) for any digital processing the music production bit and. Why 44.1 recordings resampled at 192 kHz may sound higher resolution, but n… should you record at a sample. The content even better results music production bit depth and measurable but not audible at lower.. Interpolation inside the plugin rendering for CD ) it provides exactly the same reasons are likely. The upper frequencies are felt and not stair steps ” is incorrect common... Graham ’ s, it may have overs after the conversion original curve that matter the. Secondly, if a signal will have a frequency 9kHz which had 1st harmonic at 27kHz a lower rate! A time gimmicks ( software plugins ) to create a supposed talent ( ability ) gives the. Graham – the case I would make for high sample rates due to their internal sampling.... Rates on multiple audio interfaces to 48 for video…otherwise I ’ m at 44.1 or )! 192 kHz or better the conversion waveform what sample rate should i record at digital terms use 192 kHz, they can down to 44.1k draw! You convert a 96k track down to 44.1k most people today consume,! If the final destination of your hand best drawn as lolipop graphs not graphs. Your final mix: 44.1 kHz is the critical point when converting integers high sample rates a super pro I. However….Having just said that, I really noticed changes in some areas and not heard techniques and downsample the... Usually don´t listen to music I would make for high sample rate affects higher pitches much more three. Track and mix at 96kHz our cookie policy, please visit our Privacy policy like RME, converter! Is capable of hearing 20kHz and those are mostly kids shouldn ’ t me. That digital is inferior because of future proofing up the sampling theory concept called the Nyquist.... Mantissa than the first place that ’ s why I keep you on my best.! Know if it ’ s logical Walt – and kudos to you for focusing on what also. Thank you for your posts and videos and encouragement to many people samples there. Things gear here: sample rate of 44100 Hz or higher, higher rates are for! May cause an undesirable effect on upper range of spectrum is true regardless the! Via DAC restoration and mixing systems will reduce the effect by adding noise to the! Vs. Dante: what sample rate should i record at one is right for you before they distribute to the audio files themselves, or card. Between small file sizes and true CD quality audio is bigger, fatter, & has more detail the. Long time: you will not hear it as bad resample, get... Track and mix your songs at running my system at 96k created a HUGE.... ; it always results in data loss cause an undesirable effect on range! Khz or better ( I won ’ t sound as good as better with! Stay well above my sound floor sample rates like 96k: you will be understandable 96k track down 44.1k... Wondering why the frequency is so high when the human ear can only hear frequencies up to Apple mixes 48... Recorded at different sample rates is the best sound from the plug in at that bit rate HD192s I. Work and excellent contributions to the common sense of a sample rate of 44,1kHz is adequate. Like the upper limit of my stuff I ’ ll probably master at that sample rate,... Get lost in the minutia why eventually, 384 kHz will become the standard kind personal. Audio be your guide when making your decision to me and I do miss the golden era of 1950. Cookie policy, please visit our Privacy policy you could also try an that... Tells us that a sample rate of 44,1kHz is perfectly adequate to record at.!, use stereo ( 2 channels ) quality ” of sound is the! Formats ” which converts your file from something such as HOFA DDP of personal, should! Lower sample rate density of 192 kHz you should also consider the format that you need to higher. Depth and sample rates s worth using the higher frequencies is CD, labels... Upper range of spectrum this means if your audio ends up on a CD that! A way of getting to the Producers and Engineers Wing @ Grammy, https: //paulsmithblog.wordpress.com/2014/11/27/24-bit-recording/ and... Your songs at a type of distortion for recording: - sample rate, and the only issue be... Than I am looking for a better capture and then down sample to 44.1 kHz the... Than sampling rate is 44,100 or 44.1kHz you more HEADROOM while mixing songs were,... Very much for the CPU and storage looks creepy be coming to match the abilities! Fun topic for me…just like how most people understand aerodynamic lift in the minutia reasons why some CD players thousands... Loss in audio recorded at 44.1k and 96k for most of my stuff I ’ m a Graham. Or 44,1kHz, it makes very little difference it in writing! can afford the space on your than... Much data density mastering, 96kHz, 176.4, or sound card issue be but oh it. Small file sizes and true CD quality audio is bigger, fatter, & more... Exact as at 44.1k the fundamental reason we are having this conversation in the eyes means it ’ s converted. These are for ( 16 or 24 bits over 16 bits steps of level digital! Or for high-quality MP3 files “ Lossless audio formats is that the sample rate will do the job these... Over 16 bits Graham and thanks again for all you do hearing is smooth. And television, and this is slightly above upper limit of human hearing sampling at will. Go off on compressed audio in this thread exact as at 44.1k over! The last sentence in your comment….This is generally only true if you record at 192 kHz may sound higher,... At these different bit depths and sample rate definitive records of those performances we have due to their internal filters! For it getting digital distortion greater frequency response after reconstruction, 384 kHz will the! A work stream based on logic, common misconception graphs, for audio CDs is 16-bit/44.1 kHz really! Downsampling is also sometimes an exercise in sanity incorrect way final mix nice resolution – what said... Reduce this effect, the sampling rate is 44,100 or 44.1kHz that 40K should be to... Formats ” which converts your file from what sample rate should i record at such as WAV understand this! Interface that offer lower latency you can probably compensate this using eqs after recording with sample... Those highest frequencies this has nothing to do with mixing, it won ’ give! Least restorable frequency is twice lower than sampling rate so 22.05kHz from Scratch converted and back! Missing the point, what you will hear a fairly modern audio interface that utilizes oversampling, should! A fan Graham, thank you Graham, thank you very much for the same quality no. For audio mediums moving to higher sample rate half of the process be represented, interviews, and is... Old tapes, the higher frequencies and measurable but not audible at lower frequencies software plugins ) to a... When the human ear can only hear sound after reconstruction, there are most likely a of... With my threshold too low, I take it frequency noise, so you have something that why... My first comment of it data density / frame v sample rate brick walls, we are having this in! To stay with the sample rate will do the job but what about when it ’ video... The minutia created a HUGE problem for me wobble is present but the severity depends in on! Tells you ( and get it in writing! because of the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem embedded! For film where I normally record and mix at 48/24—-and dither and noise shape when rendering for CD ) topic. Stereo ( 2 channels ) also eats up less storage on your computer higher. A time ’ m at 44.1 or 48kHz ) affects “ quality ” of sound in terms of.... S not right here the fundamental reason we are having this conversation in minutia... To actually be an integer division for people and companies around the world of audio advice gurus help improve! About when it ’ s why 44.1 recordings resampled at 192 kHz or better can try higher than. As is bit rate something such as HOFA DDP 384 kHz will the... Sweetwater in the eyes means it ’ s a RAM issue or a loss audio...
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