Like transitional vertebrae, dogs with spondylosis can be used in breeding programs. Well done--Meat cooked to an internal temperature of 170F (75C). Diaphragm--A muscle and connective structure that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavity. Owners may mail traditional radiographs and the accompanying application, however, digital images MUST be sent directly from the attending veterinarian. Gelatin--The substance formed when collagen is heated in the presence of moisture. Pelt--The outside cover of a lamb that removed at the time of slaughter. Paunch truck--The cart that is used to place the offal of animal during slaughter. Rib (rack)--A wholesale cut of the a beef and lamb carcass that includes ribs six through 12. Percent cutability--The percentage of the lean boneless cut the are in a carcass. MODERN TEXT BOOK OF ZOOLOGY [ ANIMAL DIVERSITY -II. 39 Likes, 2 Comments - Stanford Family Medicine (@stanfordfmrp) on Instagram: “Congratulations to our residents Grace and Jenny on completing their first rotation as intern and…” The OFA recommends chemical restraint to the point of muscle relaxation, however it is not required. Effective 1/1/08, only dogs with verified permanent identification (VPI) will have their OFA data transmitted to the AKC for inclusion in their database. Can I have my female radiographed while she is in season, pregnant, or nursing? Shoulder clod--A subprimal cut that is made up of the large outside muscle system, infrapinatus and a portion of the tricep brachii, which lies posterior to the elbow joint and ventral to the medial ridge of the blade bone. Splitting platform--A platform in which the splitting saw operator stands that moves in concert with the carcass so that the splitting can be performed with out slowing the movement of the carcass through the slaughter procedure. Each product described has an IMP's designated number along with a product name.  To ensure integrity of the image, digital images are ONLY ACCEPTED directly from the veterinarian – NO digital owner submissions are accepted. Appendicular skeleton--The bones associated with the limbs of the animal. All normal of-age (>24 months) hip and elbow results post to the web by default.  There are no exceptions.  Abnormal results post to the web if the owner or agent initialed the abnormal release block on the application form.  Results post 7 days AFTER the report is printed.  This is to allow sufficient time for the report to reach the owner via the mail before the results are available in the public domain. Cornish game hen--A young immature chicken, usually five to seven weeks of age, weighing not more than two pounds ready-to-cook weight. Longissimus muscle--A muscle on the dorsal side of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Molds--Multicellular organisms characterized by a tangled, fuzzy mass of growth (mycelium). However, many clinics are still using old application cards with the outdated fees. Tumbler and massager--A machine that trumbles or massages meat to extract the myofibrillar proteins to improve their binding capabilities in boneless products. The height the peak is the amount of the force required to sheer through a piece of the meat. A systematic method of identifying retail cuts by their species wholesale and retail names. Dorsal (superior)--Away from the plane of support. Keep in mind that depending on the method of delivery, it can often take almost that long for films to arrive at the OFA. Cryogenic freezing--Freezing of food products by immersing them in liquid nitrogen. Powdered eggs--Eggs that have had the moisture removed and ground into a powder. Saute'--A method of cooking meat in a skillet or pan while in the presence of a small amount of cooking oil. Hemochrome--A dull, red pigment in which the myoglobin has been heated and the globin part of the molecule has been denatured. In some studies, 20% to 30% of postmenopausal women and more than 50% of men with osteoporosis have a secondary cause. The iron in the heme ring is in a reduced form. Dehairing machine--A machine with rotating rubber paddles that removes the hair from a scalded hog carcass. Phone Number: (573) 442-0418 Comitrol (flaking equipment)--A machine that slices or flakes meat into a desired size which then can be formed into a restructured meat product. Whole milk--Fluid milk that has not been modified in composition. Effective January 1, 2001, the OFA adopted a. However, the AKC does require verified permanent identification for inclusion in their database. Gracilis--A muscle that is on the outside surface of the inside top round, commonly referred to as the cap muscle. Molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases is increasingly important for both disease management and infection control. Individual states were given two years in which to bring their meat inspection programs up to these standards. They are housed in a confinement building to protect them from the weather. Digital media (CDs, USB drives, etc) are not returned. Butterfly--To split steaks, chops, cutlets and roasts in half leaving halves hinged on one side. Sear--To brown surface of meat by short application of intense heat. This condition is caused by long term stress of sufficient duration to deplete glycogen stores in muscle prior to slaughter. x In humans, the period between the third trimester of pregnancy and the second year of life represents a critical phase of neurodevelopment characterized by dramatic brain growth [1, 2]. This information is only used in aggregate for statistical gathering purposes to monitor breed specific trends and susceptibility and will not result in OFA certification. Heat ring --The cold shortening of the outside edges of rib-eye muscle which causes a darkened and sunken appearance. PSS--Porcine Stress Syndrome. Semitendinosus--Muscle which makes up the eye round. Depilatating--The process of removing hair from a hog carcass during slaughter. Binders and Extenders--Non-meat ingredients that are added to sausage products for one or more of the following reasons: (1) improve cooking yields, (2) improve slicing, (3) improve flavor, (4) reduce formulation costs, (5) increase protein content, (6) improve emulsion stability, (7) improve fat binding, (8) increase water binding. Can any DNA test result be submitted to the OFA for registration? Information regarding the test results from the sire and dam, along with information on other close relatives such as siblings, half-siblings, aunts and uncles allows breeders to apply greater selective pressure to produce normal offspring and avoid affected offspring. Spare ribs--A wholesale cut of the pork carcass the includes ribs 4-13 and the sternum. Our hours of operation are from 8:00 am to 4:30 pm CST. Animals not permanently identified will continue to be evaluated; however, they will be issued a number clearly indicating that the animal has no permanent identification. Belly thickness--The belly wall thickness of a hog; used to determine minimum quality for grading purposes. Dry cure--The application of a curing mixture of salt, sugar, sodium nitrite, erythorbate and spices by rubbing them on the product to be cured. Free water--Water held in meat by weak surface forces and membrane. The OFA will re-evaluate animals as often as the owner likes. In addition, 73.5% of the time, all three radiologists agreed on the same hip phenotype (excellent, good, fair, borderline, mild, moderate or severe). Scalding tank--The tank of the water held at a temperature of the 138 to 145F that is used to loosen the hair on a hog. U.S. A lamb carcass has two break joints. The symptoms appear 8- 24 hours after ingestion and include acute abdominal pain, diarrhea and gas; fever, nausea and vomiting are rare. The illness may last three to five days and affects infants, young children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals (patients on drug therapy, elderly, young) more severely. It can be used as a tenderizing agent and is most active at a temperature of 90 - 140F. Pneumatic clippers--Clippers that are powered by air pressure used to front the fore hoof of the beef cattle during slaughter. Simmer--To cook in liquid at a temperature of approximately 185F. The OFA patellar luxation certification, is based on a physical exam that can be performed by any licensed veterinarian. Ascorbate--A compound added to a curing mixture that hastens development and stability of the cured meat color. The are beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumins. AA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. We are pleased to announce a new free Case Based Urology Learning Program from the Cleveland Clinic Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Rainbow Babies and Children’s Hospital, and University Hospitals Case Medical Center. Both water and air are able to pass through these casings. Hematology is the study of blood and the disorders related to it. Fell Membrane--The inner layer of skin left on a lamb carcass after the pelt has been removed. Bullock carcasses have slight red and slightly soft chine bones, and the cartilage on the ends of the thoracic vertebrae have some evidence of ossification; the sacral vertebrae are completely fused; the cartilage on the ends of the lumbar vertebrae are nearly completely ossified; and the rib bones are slightly wide and slightly flat. Nitrate--The compound NO3; the sodium salt is used in the dry curing of some meat products. LR = Breed Code, in this case a Labrador Retriever, 100 = Ascending numerical identifier given to each animal within a breed evaluated as normal and given a number, in this case the 100th Labrador to be given a number. What do I have to do to for an OFA eye clearance? A measure of acidity of basicity with high value being more basic and a low value being more acidic. Analogous to the cell membrane. Non fat dry milk (NDFM)--Fluid milk that has all the fat and moisture removed. The onset is 2-4 hours and the duration is generally 1-2 days. Glycogen--Polysaccharide of glucose found in the muscle and liver of living animals. Preliminary yield grade--A yield initially assigned to a beef carcass as determined by the estimated by the adjusted backfat thickness over the rib-eye area. Steamed bone meal--Bones that are ground and rendered to remove the fat and moisture, and the largely mineral remainder is reground. A limited examination does not replace a standard examination and is performed when a specific question requires investigation (e.g., to confirm fetal heart activity in a patient experiencing vaginal bleeding or … Caseins are globular in shape and coagulate in the cheese-making process. Hide puller--A device used to remove the hide by attaching a chain to the hide and pulling it either up or down away from the carcass. The Advanced Cardiac Database application form cannot be downloaded as it is a triplicate form. The OFA can be reached by phone, fax, mail, or email. For certification purposes, the animal must be at least 24 months of age to be eligible. Seedy belly--A pork belly that has been cured which some of the mammary tissue present. To register DNA test results, the OFA must have a database established for the specific test, and if so, the test must be specific to the breed, and the test must be done at an approved lab. Guideline for the amount of nutrients that are required by 97.5 percent of the population. Yearling mutton--A carcass from an ovine animal that is generally between 15 and 24 months of age that may or may not have a break joint. 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. Sarcomere --Basic repeating contractile structural unit of the myofibril; in-register laterally and longitudinally and responsible for striated appearance of skeletal muscle. This will cause blood to collect in the meat of the this area and must be trimmed before the should cuts can be sold. After proper packaging this milk is shelf stable at room temperature but has intense cooked flavor. Salmonella bacteria are normal microflora of many animals and poultry. The meat products must be wrapped to protect from freezer burn. Time to new antineoplastic therapy was an additional efficacy endpoint. Are the sire and dam fields on the applications required to be filled out? However, the AKC. Distal-- Away from the point of reference. Lumbar vertebrae--Six vertebrae located in the abdominal region, posterior to the thoracic vertebrae and anterior to the sacral vertebrae. A possible complication is hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a urinary tract infection that is a leading cause of acute kidney failure in children. ZA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. At the completion of the exam the ophthalmologist will provide the owner with a copy of the OFA eye exam form. Mailing Address: 2300 E Nifong Blvd, Columbia, MO 65201-3806 Bromelin--A degradative enzyme isolated from pineapple that will degrade muscle proteins. A list of ophthalmologists can be found on their website at: www.acvo.org. TA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. Tallow--The rendered fat from a beef animal. What does the PI, VPI, or NOPI stand for? Chitterlings--The small intestines of the hog. Transitional vertebrae are a congenital malformation of the spine that occurs at the junctions of major divisions of the spine. Suspect--Live animal that is suspected of having a disease or other condition that may require its condemnation, in whole or in part, and is subject to further examination by a USDA-FSIS inspector to determine it disposal. Broiler or fryer--A young chicken (usually 6-8 weeks of age) , either sex that is tender-meated with soft, pliable, smooth-textured skin and flexible breast-bone cartilage. This percentage of agreement is high considering the subjective nature of the evaluation. A band--The broad, dark band that is doubly refractive or anistropic in polarized light in the sarcomere. In all cases, the results from the most recent radiograph will dictate the animal’s final OFA consensus evaluation as well as the results displaying on the OFA website. Thiamine--A water soluble vitamin (Vit. Hemichrome--A brown, sometimes gray pigment in which the myoglobin has been heated and the globin molecule denatured. Each radiograph submitted must have positive permanent identification within the film that ties the radiograph to the application. Cardiac muscle--Muscle that is striated and has involuntary nervous system control. Actomyosin--The protein complex formed when actin and myosin interact at the cross-bridge. The average turnaround time for hip and elbow evaluations is approximately two to three weeks from the time the application and acceptable radiographs arrive at the OFA. The fat is poured off as it accumulates. Why have I received an invoice regarding a balance due? What do OFA numbers beginning with GDC mean? Shear deformation curve--The graph generated when the a piece of the meat is sheered by a Warner-Bratszler sheering device. The formation of permanent bonds between actin and myosin after the depletion of the ATP in muscles. Example of moist heat cookery are stewing, braising, cooking in liquid (i.e soups), pressure cooking and crock pot cooking. Stromal proteins--That insoluble in both aqueous and salt solutions. Why not? Spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine). Transitional vertebrae are usually not associated with clinical signs and the dog can be used in a breeding program. Z line--Sometime referred to as the Z disk. EA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. E-coli 0157:H7--The specific serotype 0157:H7 produces a toxin that can cause hemorrhagic colitis which includes severe abdominal cramps, followed by diarrhea (often bloody), nausea, vomiting, and occasionally a low-grade fever. Pelvic (hip) evaluations are based on the standard ventro-dorsal (VD) view with good pelvic definition, pelvis not tilted, and femurs extended and parallel. Ham--The wholesale cut of a pork carcass that includes the posterior portion from 1 inch anterior to the aitch bone. Denaturation--Changes the native structure of a protein by either heats or acid. Clarification--The centrifugation of milk to remove extraneous material including leukocytes, larger bacteria, cells from the cow's udder and dirt that may have entered the milking system. Generally only used on thin meat cuts. These casing have many of the physical properties of natural casings and the uniformity and cleanliness of cellulose casings. Oxymyoglobin--The oxygenated form of myoglobin that exhibits a bright cherry red color. Cape--The hide that is removed from the head of a beef animal. My OFA report says "Transitional Vertebrae" below the phenotypic hip evaluation. Irradiation--A method of preservation in which the product is exposed to either x-ray or gamma radiation to kill microorganisms and preserve the product. Since the hip and elbow evaluations are subjective, what level of consistency is there between the radiologists? Does the OFA return the radiographs when the evaluation is complete? HA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point)--A systematic approach to identification of potential food safety hazards, assessing the risk and setting up controls and procedures to prevent problems. The OFA website is updated nightly. A number of sources are available in determining what tests are the most appropriate for your dog. Hothouse lambs--Lambs produced out of season for specialized markets in New York and Boston. Brachial plexus birth injury can differ in presentation, depending on whether the nerve ruptures distal to, or avulses proximal to, the dorsal root ganglion. At rigor-mortis this interaction is permanent. The Jungle--The name of a book written by Upton Sinclair which described the conditions in the meat packing industry at the turn of the century. Anaerobic metabolism--Metabolism in the absence of oxygen. After scanning, the radiographs are recycled. Chuck--The wholesale cut of beef which includes the first five ribs of the forequarter minus the brisket and shank. Clear plate--A wholesale cut from the pork carcass located on the outer surface of the Boston butt wholesale. IA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. I band--The light band in muscle which is bisected by the Z-line and is singly refractive when viewed with polarized light; it is described as being isotropic. No. For consultations and the soft tissue databases (. The completed OFA application form as well as the OFA service fee should be sent to the lab along with the sample. Skinning knife--A knife with a large rounded blade and a dull point that is used in hide removal. Grassy flavor--An off-flavor in beef due to consumption of plants such as pepper grass and ragweed; compounds from these plants are present in the meat. Its function is to transport oxygen from the lungs, through the vascular system, to the cells where the oxygen is transferred into the cell. Diffusion--The process whereby particles of liquid , gasses or solids intermingle as the result of spontaneous movement caused by thermal agitation and dissolved substances move from a region of higher to one of lower concentration. For OFA certification, send the completed application form along with the service fee to the OFA. Sasuage truck--A cart that is used to place sausage, ham or other process meat products on that is rolled into the smokehouse to be heat processed. Meat --The flesh of animals used as food. Actinomyces species are anaerobic Gram-positive bacilli in thin, filamentous, branching, beaded or banding formations that are usually associated with mixed oral or cervicofacial, thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal infections caused by the patient's own microflora.Some strains are linked to cervicofacial infections involving periodontal disease and dental cavities as well. What if the hip or elbow radiographs were taken just a few days before the animal turned 24 months old? Blood splashing--The appearance of minute hemorrhages in the muscle, fat and connective tissue due to a transient rise in blood pressure at the time of slaughter. Fisting--Removing the pelt from a lamb carcass by using a fist to separate the pelt from the fell membrane. Bloom--Development of the bright color associated with the formation of oxymyoglobin on the lean surface of a cut of meat when exposed to oxygen. Carotid artery--The main artery that supplies blood to the brain, which is severed when an animal is exsanguinated. Fat translocation--A process in which lipid from fat diffuses into the lean portion of the meat during the cooking process. Formulation--Determination of the specific ingredients and their respective amounts that will be included in a sausage product. Adult onset clearances are only valid for one year. CA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. Calcium pump--A series of the enzyme in the muscle fiber that is responsible for calcium in and out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Gelation--The process of forming a protein matrix that will entrap water. This would be a universal code for that product. A number of sources are available in determining what tests are the most appropriate for your dog. GDC formerly maintained canine health databases similar to those of the OFA. Captive bolt pistol--A device used to render an animal senseless by shooting a steel rod into the brain. Owners may have the radiographs returned if a written request is received with the application. Nitrite--The compound N02; the sodium salt is added to curing mixture to form the cured pink color and to inhibit C botulinum growth. 3, Hagerstown, MD 21742; phone 800-638-3030; fax 301-223-2400. Blood meal--Dried blood from the slaughtering process that can be used as a protein supplement (80 percent protein) in animal feeds. "Bottom side". Processor--A person or company that adds value to the product by altering it mechanically, chemically or adding other ingredient to it. Myo -- Derived from the Greek word mys, meaning muscle. Exponential phase--The phase during bacterial growth where the microorganism numbers are doubling at each generation. Quality Grades--Each grade denotes a specific level of quality as determined by the UADA, RA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. Radius--The small long bone in the foreshank of the an animal. Green and drying room--A room in which the humidity and temperature are controlled for the fermentation process. Quercetin and other flavonoids have been shown in these studies to inhibit the growth of cancer cells from breast, colon, prostate, ovarian, endometrial, and lung tumors. Its function is to receive oxygen from hemoglobin and deliver it to the electron transport system. PSS). Delay phase of rigor--A phase during the rigor process in which ATP is present in the muscle, maintaining a state of relaxation. Also referred to as yield. Coccygeal vertebrae--Vertebrae found in the tail of an animal. Processing time takes longer if the radiographs do not include the required embedded identification and/or the application forms are incomplete or improperly filled out. Muscle Score--Score used in pork carcass grading to denote the muscularity of a pork carcass. FA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. XA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z, YA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. Yearling tom/hen turkey--A fully mature male or female turkey (usually under 15 months of age) that is reasonably tender-meated and with somewhat smooth textured skin. Cooler shrink--The weight that is lost during the initial chilling of the carcass. Lamb--A male or female ovine younger that 14 months. The quality is usually lower than USDA choice. Any licensed veterinarian can take OFA radiographs. Skeletal maturity distinguishes the difference between the two. The minimum age for certification in either cardiac database is 12 months. Subprimal cuts are easier for the packer to vacuum bag and fit into a shipping box for transport to the retail market. Flank streaking--The streaks of fat appearing in the primary flank muscle and secondary flank muscle. Tanning--The process of the turning a hide into leather using either vegetable tannins from tannin bearing woods or barks or using chromium sulphate. The best source of the thiamin in the diet is bread products and pork. Shroud--A cloth that has been soaked in chlorinated water the wrapped around a carcass to smooth the fat, remove the blood and reduce cooler shrink. Trichinae--A microscopic organism found in rats, dogs, cats, swine, bears, and humans. This is not the ideal place of removal. Radiographic disease progression was defined by identification of 2 or more new bone lesions on a bone scan with confirmation (Prostate Cancer Working Group 2 criteria) and/or progression in soft tissue disease. READ PAPER. Intercostal muscle--The muscle located between the ribs. OA B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z. Onset phase of rigor--The phase of rigor in which the muscle is losing it elastic ability. Tropomyosin--A regulatory protein found in the grooves of a f-actin filament. It is smooth in appearance which can indicate the sex of the animal. Animal and test tube studies suggest that flavonoids have anti-cancer properties. Transverse tubules -Invagination of the sarcolemma to forma network of tubules into the center portion of the muscle fiber. Artery pumping--The process of distributing a curing solution throughout a ham using the circulatory system of the animal. Dew claw remover--A hook shaped device that is used to remove the dew claws from a hog at the time of slaughter. Symptoms include stomach pain, diarrhea, nausea, chills, fever and headache that normally appear six to 48 hours after eating a contaminated food. Inspection legend--The ink stamp placed on the carcass after it has passed inspection. The pigment that is found in cured meat products. Branded Product--A label put on a product by the processor or distributor to identify for the consumer food products that are of a particular quality. 24 = The age in months when the testing was done, in this case 24 months. This is the major pigment that contributes to cooked meat color. Proximal--Nearest the point of reference. Applied especially (1) to cooking in a small amount of fat, also called panfrying; and (2) to cooking in a deep layer of fat also called deep-fat frying. There is a lag time of approximately one month between the time the OFA issues clearance numbers and the time this information is imported into the AKC registry. Camphlobacter--A pathogenic organism responsible for the a food-borne infection that is characterized by diarrhea, fever, and cramps. Leather--A hide that has been cured and tanned. Numbers beginning with GDC indicate that the evaluation was performed by GDC prior to the merge. Bacteria--Single celled organisms that reproduce by cell division may be either unintentional contaminants (spoilage or pathogenic organisms) of muscle foods or intentional additives such as the lactic acid starter cultures used in the manufacture of fermented products. For OFA eye certification (CAER – Companion Animal Eye Registry), an eye exam is performed by the veterinary ophthalmologist of your choice.